Bronchoscopy is a medical procedure used to visualize the airways and diagnose various respiratory conditions. Here's a step-by-step breakdown of the bronchoscopy procedure:

Preparation:

Before the procedure, the patient may be asked to avoid eating or drinking for a certain period to reduce the risk of aspiration during the procedure.
The patient will typically change into a hospital gown and may receive a sedative or anesthetic to help them relax or to induce sleep, depending on the type of bronchoscopy being performed.
Anesthesia:

Local anesthesia is applied to the back of the throat or nose to numb the area and reduce discomfort during the procedure.
In some cases, intravenous (IV) sedation or general anesthesia may be administered to keep the patient comfortable and relaxed throughout the procedure.
Insertion of the Bronchoscope:

The bronchoscope, a flexible tube with a light and camera attached, is inserted through the nose or mouth and advanced into the airways.
The patient may be asked to swallow as the bronchoscope passes through the throat to minimize gagging.
Visual Examination:

As the bronchoscope is advanced through the airways, the physician examines the walls of the trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles using the camera attached to the bronchoscope.
The physician may manipulate the bronchoscope to navigate through the airways and obtain clear views of any abnormalities, such as inflammation, tumors, or foreign objects.